Chapter-17 The Era of Harsh QAns

Ch-17

The Era Of Harsha

D1.Which were the two main sects of Hinduism during Harsha’s period?

A1. Vaishnavism and Shaivism were the most popular sects of Hinduism during Harsha’s period.

D2.What was the main contribution of Prabhakarvardhana as a king?

A2. 1. He started increasing his power and  ruled from 580CE to 605 CE.

2.  He conquered many places.

3.  He established  a large kingdom.

D3. What happened after Vardhman empire lost its glory?

A3.1. After the death of Harsha in 647 CE, the Vardhman empire lost its glory.

2. There was a quick emergence of many small independent  kingdoms.

3. In the South, Chalukyas and Pallavas became more powerful.

D4. Name the rivers that meet at Sangam in Prayaga( Allahabad)

A4. Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati meet at Sangam in Prayaga(Allahabad)

D5. Why was Nalanda University famous?

A5. 1. It was an international centre of education, situated near Patna, the capital of Bihar.

2. It was 3. It had a large library and  had able teachers.

3. Students from all over the world came to study at Nalanda.

4. The atmosphere of Nalanda was very peaceful and conducive to the study of different subjects.

5.  The special attention was given to the discipline of the students and a high standard of the discipline was maintained.

E1. Describe the administrative system of Harsha.

A11. The king was all powerful. He was the head of the judicial and civil administration.

2. He was also the Commander-in-Chief of his army and led his forces in war.

3. He had a Council of Ministers to assist and advise him.

4. The provinces or Bhuktis were divided into Vishyas or Pradesh which was headed by Uparika. The village panchayats looked after the needs of the villages.

5. He built temples, chaityas, vihars, dharmashalas, schools and colleges.

E2. Explain the religious policy of Harsha.

A2.1. In the beginning, Harsh was devotee of Shiva and worshipped Shiva and Surya.

2. But after coming in contact with Hiuen-Tsang, there was a great impact of Buddhism on him.

3.He was very tolerant and respectful towards all the religions.

4. Vaishnavism and Shaivism were the most popular sects of Hinduism during Harsha’s period.

5. He used to give alms (dan) to the needy and poor people of all religion.

E3. Mention the public welfare works undertaken by Harsha for his people.

A3. 1. Harsha was a benevolent ruler.

2. He built temples, chaityas, vihars, dharmashalas, schools and colleges etc.

3. Nalanda University was granted the income, received from 200 villages, for its development and maintenance.

4. He used to give alms(dan) to needy and poor people of all religion.

5. He used to give away all his wealth and belongings- clothes, ornaments etc collected during the last 5 years.

E4. State the condition of the society during Harsha’s rule.

A4.1. The society was divided into four Varnas ie Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras.

2. The Brahmins were highly respected.

3. They led a pious life.

4. People lived harmoniously.

5. The Shudras did not have good position in the society. They had to live outside the towns.

E5. Give any five examples to prove that the economy during Harsha’s rule was well-developed.

A4.1. People were prosperous and happy.

2. Trade was flourishing and Kapisha was the centre of international trade.

3. Tamralipti was a famous port for foreign trade.

4. Agriculture was the main occupation of the people.

 5. They had to pay 1/6^th of the produce as tax.

Value Based Question of Ch-16

Q1.

A1. 1. Thirst for knowledge or love for studies.

2. Passion of work.

3. Hard work

4. Dedication

5. Sincerity and devotion

Value Based Question of Ch-17

A1. 1. Creating job opportunity according to their calibre.

2. Providing free and compulsory education to all.

3. Providing them basic amenities.